PostgreSQL Schema Design & Query Performance

Relational schemas that encode your business rules, migrations that don’t take the app down, and indexes chosen from real query plans — with Prisma or Drizzle on top.

PostgreSQL is my default database for web products. It handles relational data, JSON documents, full-text search, geospatial queries through PostGIS and vector search through pgvector, so many products never need a second datastore. Schema design. Business rules go into the schema where they can: foreign keys, not-null and check constraints, unique constraints on natural keys, and exclusion constraints for problems like double-booked appointment slots. An application bug should hit a constraint error, not quietly write bad data. ORMs. Prisma gives a productive schema-first workflow and…